// About.java /* * Electromagnetic Transmission Line Applet * Applet without Smith Chart - Prepared by Umberto Ravaioli * for 6th edition of Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics Book * May 2009 - All Rights Reserved */ import java.awt.*; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import java.io.IOException; public class Instructions extends Panel { //private static final Color bgcolor = new Color(236,236,236); //private static final Color bgcolor = Color.white; private static final Color bgcolor = new Color(255,255,245); public TextField epsilon; private Paint paint; private Image im; private Graphics buf; private BufferedImage figure; //Mod1State state; public Button bupdate; NewGuide_State state; private BufferedImage bullet; public Instructions(NewGuide_State state){ super(); this.state = state; setLayout(null); getImages(); setBackground(bgcolor); bupdate = new Button("CLOSE"); bupdate.setBackground(new Color(240,240,255)); bupdate.setFont(new Font("Sanserif",Font.PLAIN,state.font12)); add(bupdate); int buttonx = state.s600; int buttony = state.s200+state.s55; int buttonwide = state.s70; int buttonheight = state.s27; bupdate.setBounds(buttonx,buttony,buttonwide,buttonheight); Panel ps7 = new Panel(); ps7.setBackground(Color.lightGray); add(ps7); ps7.setBounds(buttonx-1,buttony-1,buttonwide+2,buttonheight+2); Panel ps8 = new Panel(); ps8.setBackground(Color.black); add(ps8); ps8.setBounds(buttonx-2,buttony-2,buttonwide+4,buttonheight+4); } private void getImages() { // read in the bullet image, because CHEERPJ does not render this // symbol in any font! (java to javascript converter) try { //bullet = ImageIO.read(getClass().getResource("bullet.png")); BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(getClass().getResource("bullet.png")); int targetWidth = (int) (state.sfactor * img.getWidth()); int targetHeight = (int) (state.sfactor * img.getHeight()); bullet = new BufferedImage(targetWidth, targetHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics2D graphics2D = bullet.createGraphics(); graphics2D.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR); graphics2D.drawImage(img, 0, 0, targetWidth, targetHeight, 0, 0, img.getWidth(), img.getHeight(), null); graphics2D.dispose(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void paint(Graphics g){ if(im == null){ im = createImage(getSize().width,getSize().height); buf = im.getGraphics(); drawCanvas(buf); } else{ drawCanvas(buf); } g.drawImage(im,0,0,null); } //Addition to reduce flicker new routine public void update(Graphics g){ // added to avoid clearing paint(g); } public void clear(){ this.getGraphics().clearRect(0,0,getSize().width,getSize().height); repaint(); } public void drawCanvas(Graphics g){ FontMetrics fm; Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)g; g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); g.clearRect(0,0,getSize().width-1,getSize().height-1); //g.setFont(font_one); //fm = g.getFontMetrics(); //boolean saveOldFlag = MaestroG.useBiggerFont; //MaestroG.useBiggerFont = false; g.setColor(Color.black); g.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.BOLD,state.font16)); //g.drawString("Instructions", 20,25); String s; int nextX; int newY; int xleft = state.s30; int deltaY = state.s20; int ystart = state.s25; g.setColor(Color.red); g.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.BOLD,state.font15)); g.drawString("Input", xleft,ystart); g.setColor(Color.black); g.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.PLAIN,state.font14)); //INPUT newY = ystart+deltaY; //s = "\u2022 Ground distance between antennas "+STR.ITAL+"d"+STR.ENDITAL; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xleft,newY); g.drawImage(bullet,xleft,newY-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Ground distance between antennas "+STR.ITAL+"d"+STR.ENDITAL; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xleft+bullet.getWidth(),newY); newY += deltaY; //s = "\u2022 Elevation of antennas "+STR.ITAL+"h"+STR.ENDITAL+STR.SUB+"1" // +STR.ENDSUB+STR.ITAL+" and h"+STR.ENDITAL+STR.SUB+"2"+STR.ENDSUB; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xleft,newY); g.drawImage(bullet,xleft,newY-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Elevation of antennas "+STR.ITAL+"h"+STR.ENDITAL+STR.SUB+"1" +STR.ENDSUB+STR.ITAL+" and h"+STR.ENDITAL+STR.SUB+"2"+STR.ENDSUB; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xleft+bullet.getWidth(),newY); newY += deltaY; //s = "\u2022 Frequency of operation "+STR.ITAL+"f"+STR.ENDITAL; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xleft,newY); g.drawImage(bullet,xleft,newY-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Frequency of operation "+STR.ITAL+"f"+STR.ENDITAL; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xleft+bullet.getWidth(),newY); newY += deltaY; //s = "\u2022 Conductivity and permittivity of the terrain "; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xleft,newY); g.drawImage(bullet,xleft,newY-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Conductivity and permittivity of the terrain "; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xleft+bullet.getWidth(),newY); newY += deltaY + state.s10; g.setColor(Color.red); g.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.BOLD,state.font15)); g.drawString("Assumptions", xleft,newY); g.setColor(Color.black); g.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.PLAIN,state.font14)); newY += deltaY; //s = "\u2022 Earth curvature is neglected"; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xleft,newY); g.drawImage(bullet,xleft,newY-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Earth curvature is neglected"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xleft+bullet.getWidth(),newY); newY += deltaY; //s = "\u2022 No obstruction on the reflected path"; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xleft,newY); g.drawImage(bullet,xleft,newY-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " No obstruction on the reflected path"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xleft+bullet.getWidth(),newY); newY += deltaY; //s = "\u2022 Uniform atmosphere ("+STR.ITAL+"\u03b5"+STR.ENDITAL+STR.SUB+"r" // +STR.ENDSUB+" = 1.0 )"; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xleft,newY); g.drawImage(bullet,xleft,newY-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Uniform atmosphere ("+STR.ITAL+"\u03b5"+STR.ENDITAL+STR.SUB+"r" +STR.ENDSUB+" = 1.0 )"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xleft+bullet.getWidth(),newY); newY += deltaY; //s = "\u2022 Uniform radiation pattern in the plane of incidence"; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xleft,newY); g.drawImage(bullet,xleft,newY-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Uniform radiation pattern in the plane of incidence"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xleft+bullet.getWidth(),newY); // SECOND COLUMN //OUTPUT int xright = state.s400+state.s20; ystart = 0; newY = ystart + state.s20; g.setColor(Color.red); g.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.BOLD,state.font15)); g.drawString("Displayed Information", xright,newY); g.setColor(Color.black); g.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.PLAIN,state.font14)); newY += state.s20; //s = "\u2022 Vector interference diagram for the resultant signal at the receiver."; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xright,newY); g.drawImage(bullet,xright,newY-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Vector interference diagram for the resultant signal at the receiver."; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xright+bullet.getWidth(),newY); //s = "\u2022 Complex reflection coefficient for perpendicular (horizontal) polarization"; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xright,newY+deltaY); g.drawImage(bullet,xright,newY+deltaY-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Complex reflection coefficient for perpendicular (horizontal) polarization"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xright+bullet.getWidth(),newY+deltaY); s = "or parallel (vertical) polarization, and phase delay information."; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xright,newY+2*deltaY); g.setColor(Color.blue.darker()); g.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.PLAIN,state.font14)); newY += state.s75; s = "At sufficiently high frequencies, communication between two antennas takes"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xright,newY); newY += state.s20; s = "place mainly through superposition of a direct and a ground-reflected signal."; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xright,newY); newY += state.s20; s = "The different travel paths generate a phase delay for the reflected signal."; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xright,newY); newY += state.s20; s = "In addition, the complex reflection coefficient related to the conductivity and"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xright,newY); newY += state.s20; s = "the permittivity of the terrain causes additional phase shift and attenuation."; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xright,newY); newY += state.s20; s = "For a fixed transmitter, the elevation of the receiving antenna determines "; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xright,newY); newY += state.s20; s = "whether there is constructive or destructive interference of the two signals."; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xright,newY); drawCopyRight(g); //MaestroG.useBiggerFont = saveOldFlag; } public void drawCopyRight(Graphics g) { int deltaY = state.s20; int startingY = getSize().height - state.s70; int startingX = 0; FontMetrics fm; g.setColor(Color.black); g.setColor(Color.black); g.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.PLAIN,state.font14)); fm = g.getFontMetrics(); g.drawString("Application Design: Umberto Ravaioli", startingX + state.s15,startingY+deltaY); String s = "Interactive Java"+STR.SUP+"TM"+STR.ENDSUP+ " platform: www.amanogawa.com"; int nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,startingX + state.s15,startingY+2*deltaY); int lineLength = fm.stringWidth("Interactive JavaTM platform: www.amanogawa.com"); lineLength+= state.s10; g.drawString("All Rights Reserved",startingX + state.s15,startingY + 3*deltaY); g.drawLine(startingX,startingY + state.s5, startingX+15+lineLength + state.s10,startingY + state.s5); g.drawLine(startingX+15+lineLength + state.s10,startingY + state.s5, startingX+15+lineLength + state.s10,startingY+4*deltaY); } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- }//End