// About.java /* A Java class for * LineImpedance.java * Electromagnetic Transmission Line Applet * Applet without Smith Chart - Prepared by Umberto Ravaioli * for 6th edition of Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics Book * May 2009 - All Rights Reserved */ import java.awt.*; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.IOException; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; public class Instructions extends Panel { private static final Color bgcolor = new Color(255,255,245); //private static final Color bgcolor = Color.white; public TextField epsilon; private Paint paint; private Image im; private Graphics buf; public Button bupdate; Oblique_State state; private BufferedImage bullet; public Instructions(Oblique_State state){ super(); this.state = state; setLayout(null); getImages(); setBackground(bgcolor); bupdate = new Button("CLOSE"); bupdate.setBackground(new Color(240,240,255)); bupdate.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.PLAIN,state.font12)); add(bupdate); int buttonx = state.s1000+state.s85; int buttony = state.s200+state.s72; int buttonwide = state.s70; int buttonheight = state.s27; bupdate.setBounds(buttonx,buttony,buttonwide,buttonheight); Panel ps7 = new Panel(); ps7.setBackground(Color.lightGray); add(ps7); ps7.setBounds(buttonx-1,buttony-1,buttonwide+2,buttonheight+2); Panel ps8 = new Panel(); ps8.setBackground(Color.black); add(ps8); ps8.setBounds(buttonx-2,buttony-2,buttonwide+4,buttonheight+4); } private void getImages() { // read in the bullet image, because CHEERPJ does not render this // symbol in any font! (java to javascript converter) try { //bullet = ImageIO.read(getClass().getResource("bullet.png")); BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(getClass().getResource("bullet.png")); int targetWidth = (int) (state.sfactor * img.getWidth()); int targetHeight = (int) (state.sfactor * img.getHeight()); bullet = new BufferedImage(targetWidth, targetHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics2D graphics2D = bullet.createGraphics(); graphics2D.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR); graphics2D.drawImage(img, 0, 0, targetWidth, targetHeight, 0, 0, img.getWidth(), img.getHeight(), null); graphics2D.dispose(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void paint(Graphics g){ if(im == null){ im = createImage(getSize().width,getSize().height); buf = im.getGraphics(); drawCanvas(buf); } else{ drawCanvas(buf); } g.drawImage(im,0,0,null); } //Addition to reduce flicker new routine public void update(Graphics g){ // added to avoid clearing paint(g); } public void clear(){ this.getGraphics().clearRect(0,0,getSize().width,getSize().height); repaint(); } public void drawCanvas(Graphics g){ FontMetrics fm; Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)g; g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); g.clearRect(0,0,getSize().width-1,getSize().height-1); //boolean saveOldFlag = MaestroG.useBiggerFont; //MaestroG.useBiggerFont = false; g.setColor(Color.black); g.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.BOLD,state.font16)); g.drawString("Instructions", state.s15,state.s25); int xcolumn1 = state.s15; int xcolumn2 = state.s400+state.s60; int xcolumn3 = state.s800+state.s35; int ystart; int y; int ytext; int deltaY = state.s20; String s; int nextX; ystart = state.s70; ytext = ystart; // ASSUMPTIONS g.setColor(Color.red); g.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.BOLD,state.font15)); g.drawString("Assumptions", xcolumn1,ytext); g.setColor(Color.black); g.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.PLAIN,state.font14)); ytext += deltaY; //INPUT //s = "\u2022 Step-index fiber - uniform refractive index in the core"; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn1,ytext); g.drawImage(bullet,xcolumn1,ytext-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Step-index fiber - uniform refractive index in the core"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn1+bullet.getWidth(),ytext); ytext += deltaY; //s = "\u2022 Multimode propagation ( fiber radius "+STR.ITAL+"R >> \u03bb"+STR.ENDITAL+" )"; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn1,ytext); g.drawImage(bullet,xcolumn1,ytext-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Multimode propagation ( fiber radius "+STR.ITAL+"R >> \u03bb"+STR.ENDITAL+" )"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn1+bullet.getWidth(),ytext); ytext += deltaY; //s = "\u2022 Ray optics limit - modes of propagation are characterized"; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn1,ytext); g.drawImage(bullet,xcolumn1,ytext-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Ray optics limit - modes of propagation are characterized"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn1+bullet.getWidth(),ytext); ytext += deltaY; s = " by angles of entrance with quasi-continuum distribution"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn1,ytext); ytext += deltaY; //s = "\u2022 Simple 2D analysis is limited to rays crossing the axis"; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn1,ytext); g.drawImage(bullet,xcolumn1,ytext-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Simple 2D analysis is limited to rays crossing the axis"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn1+bullet.getWidth(),ytext); ytext += deltaY; s = " (meridional rays). Skew rays propagating at an additional"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn1,ytext); ytext += deltaY; s = " angle without crossing the axis, are not considered."; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn1,ytext); ytext += deltaY; s = " (Equivalent to a symmetric slab wave guide)"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn1,ytext); ystart = state.s70; ytext = ystart; // INPUT g.setColor(Color.red); g.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.BOLD,state.font15)); g.drawString("Input", xcolumn2,ytext); g.setColor(Color.black); g.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.PLAIN,state.font14)); ytext += deltaY; //INPUT //s = "\u2022 Relative permittivity \u03b5"+STR.SUB+"r"+STR.ENDSUB+" or index of refraction "+STR.ITAL+"n"+STR.ENDITAL; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn2,ytext); g.drawImage(bullet,xcolumn2,ytext-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Relative permittivity \u03b5"+STR.SUB+"r"+STR.ENDSUB+" or index of refraction "+STR.ITAL+"n"+STR.ENDITAL; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn2+bullet.getWidth(),ytext); ytext += deltaY; s = " of dielectric media 1, 2, and 3"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn2,ytext); ytext += deltaY; //s = "\u2022 Wave frequency "+STR.ITAL+"f"+STR.ENDITAL; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn2,ytext); g.drawImage(bullet,xcolumn2,ytext-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Wave frequency "+STR.ITAL+"f"+STR.ENDITAL; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn2+bullet.getWidth(),ytext); ytext += deltaY; //s = "\u2022 Angle of entrance "+STR.ITAL+"\u03b8"+STR.ENDITAL+""+STR.SUB+"i"+STR.ENDSUB+""; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn2,ytext); g.drawImage(bullet,xcolumn2,ytext-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Angle of entrance "+STR.ITAL+"\u03b8"+STR.ENDITAL+""+STR.SUB+"i"+STR.ENDSUB+""; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn2+bullet.getWidth(),ytext); ytext += deltaY; //s = "\u2022 Radius of the core "+STR.ITAL+"R"+STR.ENDITAL+" and length of the fiber "+STR.ITAL+"l"+STR.ENDITAL; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn2,ytext); g.drawImage(bullet,xcolumn2,ytext-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Radius of the core "+STR.ITAL+"R"+STR.ENDITAL+" and length of the fiber "+STR.ITAL+"l"+STR.ENDITAL; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn2+bullet.getWidth(),ytext); g.setColor(Color.blue.darker()); ytext += 3*deltaY; s = "To guide rays by total internal reflection, the index of refraction in the core of the fiber must be"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn2-state.s40,ytext); ytext += deltaY; s = "larger than in the cladding. Larger index difference between core and cladding increases light"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn2-state.s40,ytext); ytext += deltaY; s = "acceptance but also increases modal dispersion, thus degrading the bandwidth of the fiber."; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn2-state.s40,ytext); ytext += deltaY; s = "The bandwidth is also inversely proportional to the length of the fiber."; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn2-state.s40,ytext); ystart = state.s70; ytext = ystart; // OUTPUT g.setColor(Color.red); g.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.BOLD,state.font15)); g.drawString("Displayed Information", xcolumn3,ytext); g.setColor(Color.black); g.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.PLAIN,state.font14)); ytext += deltaY; //s = "\u2022 Angles of propagation and ray paths"; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn3,ytext); g.drawImage(bullet,xcolumn3,ytext-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Angles of propagation and ray paths"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn3+bullet.getWidth(),ytext); ytext += deltaY; // CHANGE ============================================================== //s = "\u2022 Maximum angle of acceptance for optical"; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn3,ytext); g.drawImage(bullet,xcolumn3,ytext-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Maximum angle of acceptance for optical"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn3+bullet.getWidth(),ytext); ytext += deltaY; s = " guidance "+STR.ITAL+"\u03b8"+STR.ENDITAL+""+STR.SUB+"imax"+STR.ENDSUB+""; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn3,ytext); //====================================================================== ytext += deltaY; //s = "\u2022 Numerical Aperture (NA)"; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn3,ytext); g.drawImage(bullet,xcolumn3,ytext-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Numerical Aperture (NA)"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn3+bullet.getWidth(),ytext); ytext += deltaY; //s = "\u2022 Properties of optical propagation"; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn3,ytext); g.drawImage(bullet,xcolumn3,ytext-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Properties of optical propagation"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn3+bullet.getWidth(),ytext); ytext += deltaY; //s = "\u2022 Maximum data rate limited by modal dispersion"; //nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn3,ytext); g.drawImage(bullet,xcolumn3,ytext-bullet.getHeight(),this); s = " Maximum data rate limited by modal dispersion"; nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,xcolumn3+bullet.getWidth(),ytext); drawCopyRight(g); //MaestroG.useBiggerFont = saveOldFlag; } public void drawCopyRight(Graphics g) { int deltaY = state.s20; int startingY = getSize().height - state.s70; int startingX = 0; FontMetrics fm; g.setColor(Color.black); g.setColor(Color.black); g.setFont(new Font("SanSerif",Font.PLAIN,state.font14)); fm = g.getFontMetrics(); g.drawString("Applet Design: Umberto Ravaioli", startingX+10,startingY+deltaY); String s = "Interactive Java"+STR.SUP+"TM"+STR.ENDSUP+" platform: www.amanogawa.com"; int nextX = STR.displayString(s,g,startingX+10,startingY+2*deltaY); int lineLength = fm.stringWidth("Interactive JavaTM platform: www.amanogawa.com"); lineLength+= state.s10; g.drawString("All Rights Reserved",startingX+10,startingY+3*deltaY); g.drawLine(startingX,startingY+state.s5, startingX+lineLength+state.s10,startingY+state.s5); g.drawLine(startingX+lineLength+state.s10,startingY+state.s5, startingX+lineLength+state.s10,startingY+4*deltaY); } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- }//End