//CircuitCanvas.java /* A Java class for * LineImpedance.java * Electromagnetic Transmission Line Applet * Applet without Smith Chart - Prepared by Umberto Ravaioli * for 6th edition of Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics Book * May 2009 - All Rights Reserved */ import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class CircuitCanvas extends Panel implements MouseListener{ private int x[], y[]; private Trans_State state; private Image im; private Graphics buf; private static final Color bgcolor = Color.gray; private static final Color ccolor1 = new Color(50,204,153); private static final double epsilon0 = 8.8541878176E-12; // Units: F/m private static final double mu0 = 1.25663706144E-6; // Units H/m private static final double light_velocity = Math.sqrt(1.0/(epsilon0*mu0)); // Units m/s private boolean IsFocusOn; public CircuitCanvas(Trans_State state){ super(); this.state = state; setBackground(bgcolor); x = new int[10]; y = new int[5]; this.addMouseListener(this); IsFocusOn = false; } public void update(Graphics g){ paint(g); } public void paint(Graphics g){ if(im == null){ im = createImage(getSize().width,getSize().height); buf = im.getGraphics(); drawCircuit(buf); } else{ drawCircuit(buf); } g.drawImage(im,0,0,null); } public void drawCircuit(Graphics g){ //Draw the background //g.drawLine(0,getSize().height-1,getSize().width-1,getSize().height-1); //g.drawLine(getSize().width-1,0,getSize().width-1,getSize().height-1); //g.setColor(Color.white); //g.drawLine(0,0,getSize().width-1,0); //g.drawLine(0,0,0,getSize().height-1); //set the arrays x[0] = state.s20; x[4] = getSize().width - state.s20; x[2] = x[0] + state.s50; x[3] = x[4] - state.s20; x[1] = (x[0] + x[2])/2; x[5] = x[2]; //x[4]/2; // position of Z(z) value x[6] = 3 * x[4]/5; // position of ZL and Zo values y[4] = state.s25; y[0] = getSize().height - state.s35; y[2] = (y[4] + y[0])/2; y[3] = (y[4] + y[2])/2; y[1] = (y[0] + y[2])/2; //drawGrid(x,y,g); g.clearRect(0,0,getSize().width-1,getSize().height-1); g.setColor(Color.black); g.drawRect(0,0,getSize().width-1,getSize().height-1); //Reference drawRef(g); //Wires drawWire(x[2],y[4],x[4],y[4],1,g); drawWire(x[2],y[0],x[4],y[0],1,g); drawWire(x[4],y[4]+1,x[4],y[0]-1,2,g); //Horizontal axis drawAxis(g); //ZL draw3DRect(x[4],y[2],state.s18,y[1]-y[3],ccolor1,g); g.setColor(Color.black); MaestroG.subscripter("Z","L","",g,state.font11,x[4]-state.s6+1,y[2]+state.s2); //Connections drawConnect(x[2],y[4],g); drawConnect(x[2],y[0],g); drawConnect(x[3],y[4],g); drawConnect(x[3],y[0],g); //Draw parameter strings //if(IsFocusOn){drawStrings(g);} {drawStrings(g);} //Draw Stubs for(int i =0; i < 3; i++){ drawStub(state.stub[i]); } } private void drawGrid(int [] x,int [] y,Graphics g){ g.setColor(Color.yellow); for(int i = 0 ; i< 5; i++){ g.drawLine(x[0],y[i],x[4],y[i]); g.drawLine(x[i],y[0],x[i],y[4]); } } private void draw3DRect(int x, int y, int width, int height, Color c, Graphics g){ g.setColor(c); g.fillRect(x-width/2,y-height/2,width,height); g.setColor(Color.white); g.drawLine(x-width/2,y-height/2,x+width/2,y-height/2); g.drawLine(x-width/2,y-height/2,x-width/2,y+height/2); g.setColor(Color.black); g.drawLine(x-width/2,y+height/2,x+width/2,y+height/2); g.drawLine(x+width/2,y-height/2,x+width/2,y+height/2); } private void drawRect(int x, int y, int width, int height, Color c, Graphics g){ g.setColor(c); g.fillRect(x-width/2,y-height/2,width,height); } private void drawCircle(int x, int y, int radius, Color c, Graphics g){ g.setColor(c); g.fillOval(x-radius,y-radius,2*radius,2*radius); g.setColor(Color.white); g.drawOval(x-radius,y-radius,2*radius,2*radius); g.setColor(Color.black); g.drawArc(x-radius-1,y-radius-1,2*radius+2,2*radius+2,30,-120); } private void drawConnect(int x, int y, Graphics g){ int tmp1, tmp2; tmp1 = state.s4+2; tmp2 = state.s4; //drawRect(x,y,tmp1,tmp1,Color.white,g); //drawRect(x,y,tmp2,tmp2,Color.black,g); Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)g; g2d.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1)); g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); g2d.setPaint(Color.white); g.fillOval(x-tmp1/2,y-tmp1/2,tmp1,tmp1); g2d.setPaint(Color.black); g.fillOval(x-tmp2/2,y-tmp2/2,tmp2,tmp2); g2d.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1)); g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_OFF); } private void drawWire(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int mode, Graphics g){ g.setColor(Color.white); g.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2); if(mode==1){ g.setColor(Color.black); g.drawLine(x1,y1+state.s1,x2,y2+state.s1); } else if(mode==2){ g.setColor(Color.black); g.drawLine(x1+state.s1,y1,x2+state.s1,y2); } } public void drawStub(Stub stub){ if(stub.isEnable()){ int tax1, tay1, tax2, tay2; int tbx1, tby1, tbx2, tby2; double maxstublength=0.5; double stubangle; int stublength; stubangle=0.5235; stublength=40; tax1=(int)(x[3]-(stub.getPosition()/state.lineLength)*(x[3]-x[2])); tay1=y[4]+2; tax2=(int)(tax1-stublength*stub.getLength()/maxstublength*Math.cos(stubangle)); tay2=(int)(tay1+stublength*stub.getLength()/maxstublength*Math.sin(stubangle)); tbx1=tax1; tby1=y[0]; tbx2=tax2; tby2=(int)(tby1+stublength*stub.getLength()/maxstublength*Math.sin(stubangle)); buf.setColor(Color.white); buf.drawLine(tax1,tay1,tax2,tay2); buf.drawLine(tbx1,tby1,tbx2,tby2); buf.setColor(Color.blue); buf.drawLine(tax1,tay1+1,tax2,tay2+1); buf.drawLine(tbx1,tby1+1,tbx2,tby2+1); if(!stub.isOpen()){ buf.setColor(Color.white); buf.drawLine(tax2,tay2,tbx2,tby2); buf.setColor(Color.blue); buf.drawLine(tax2+1,tay2,tbx2+1,tby2); } } } public void drawRef(Graphics g){ if(state.frequency >=state.f_bottom && state.frequency <= state.f_top){ int tx1, ty1, tx2, ty2; if(state.Is_Wavelength){ tx1 = (int)(x[3] - (state.xpos/state.lineLength)*(x[3]-x[2])); } else{ tx1 = (int)(x[3] - (state.xpos/state.lineLength)*(x[3]-x[2])); } ty1 = y[4]-state.s5; tx2 = tx1; ty2 = y[0]+state.s5; g.setColor(Color.green); //MaestroG.drawArrow(tx1,y[4]+state.s8,5,g); //MaestroG.drawArrow(tx1,y[0]-state.s8,6,g); MaestroG.drawArrowScaled(tx1,y[4]+state.s8,1,state.sfactor,g); MaestroG.drawArrowScaled(tx1,y[0]-state.s8,2,state.sfactor,g); g.drawLine(tx1,ty1,tx2,y[4]+state.s10); g.drawLine(tx1,ty2,tx2,y[0]-state.s10); } } private void drawAxis(Graphics g){ Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)g; g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); Font symbolfont=TheFonts.symbol14; Font normalfont=TheFonts.sanSerif12; String alpha, Ohm, lambda, infinity, Gamma, epsilon; g.setFont(symbolfont); alpha="\u03b1"; lambda="\u03bb"; Ohm="\u03a9"; infinity="\u221e"; Gamma="\uu0393"; epsilon="\u03b5"; g.setFont(normalfont); int ytmp; FontMetrics fm; ytmp=y[0] + state.s15; g.setColor(Color.black); g.drawLine(x[4],ytmp,x[0],ytmp); g.drawLine(x[2],ytmp-state.s4,x[2],ytmp+state.s4); g.drawLine(x[3],ytmp-state.s4,x[3],ytmp+state.s4); //Arrowhead //MaestroG.drawArrow(x[0],ytmp,8,g); MaestroG.drawArrowScaled(x[0],ytmp,4,state.sfactor,g); g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); g.setFont(TheFonts.serif12); fm = g.getFontMetrics(); g.setColor(Color.white); //g.drawString("-l",x[2]-4,ytmp+fm.getHeight()); // CHANGE ====================================================== //g.drawString("d",x[2]-4,ytmp+fm.getHeight()); //============================================================== // to smooth Italic "l" which loks a bit choppy - but letter washes out on gray background //Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)g; //g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); //g.drawString("l",x[2]-2,ytmp+fm.getHeight()); // CHANGE ====================================================== //MaestroG.subscripter("d","","",g,14,x[2]-4,ytmp+5+fm.getHeight()); //============================================================== //g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_OFF); g.setFont(TheFonts.bold12); fm = g.getFontMetrics(); //g.drawString("d = 0",x[3]-state.s13,ytmp+fm.getHeight()+state.s2); MaestroG.subscripter("d = 0","","",g,state.font11,x[3]-state.s13,getSize().height-state.s3); g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); g.setFont(TheFonts.sanSerif12); if(state.frequency >=state.f_bottom && state.frequency <= state.f_top){ g.setColor(Color.green); if(state.xpos == 0.0){ MaestroG.SansNosansSymb2("d = "+MaestroA.rounder(state.xpos,8)+"","",""+lambda,g,state.font11,x[5]+state.s15,y[4]-state.s10); } else{ //if(state.xpos <= 20.0){ MaestroG.SansNosansSymb2("d = "+MaestroA.rounder(state.xpos,8)+"","",""+lambda,g,state.font11,x[5]+state.s15,y[4]-state.s10); //} //else if(state.xpos > 20.0){ //MaestroG.SansNosansSymb2("d = - "+MaestroA.rounder(state.xpos,6)+"","",""+lambda,g,11,x[5]+15,y[4]-10); //} } } else if(state.frequency < state.f_bottom){ g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); g.setColor(Color.yellow); MaestroG.superscripterSanSym2IT("Numerical Range is"," l"," > 10","-4"," ",""+lambda,g,state.font11,x[2]+state.s30,y[0]+state.s13); } else if(state.frequency > state.f_top){ g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); g.setColor(Color.yellow); MaestroG.superscripterSanSym2IT("Numerical Range is"," l", " < 10","5"," ",""+lambda,g,state.font11,x[2]+state.s30,y[0]+state.s13); } g.setColor(Color.white); g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_OFF); } private void drawStrings(Graphics g){ Font symbolfont=TheFonts.symbol14; Font normalfont=TheFonts.sanSerif12; String alpha, Ohm, lambda, infinity, Gamma, epsilon; g.setFont(symbolfont); alpha="\u03b1"; lambda="\u03bb"; Ohm="\u03a9"; infinity="\u221e"; Gamma="\uu0393"; epsilon="\u03b5"; g.setFont(normalfont); g.setColor(Color.white); FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics(); MaestroG.subscripter(" Z","0","",g,state.font11,x[6]+state.s15,y[0]-state.s40); MaestroG.subscripterSanSym2("","","= "+state.lineZ0+" ",Ohm,g,state.font11,x[6]+state.s40,y[0]-state.s40); MaestroG.subscripter(""+epsilon,"r","",g,state.font11,x[6]+state.s25,y[0]-state.s20); MaestroG.subscripterSymFirst2("","","= "+MaestroA.rounder(state.epsilon_r,6),g,state.font11,x[6]+state.s40,y[0]-state.s20); String tempo; double temp1 = 1.0; if(state.lineLength < 1.0){ temp1 = MaestroA.rounder(state.lineLength_part1 + state.lineLength_part2,8); } else if(state.lineLength >= 1.0 && state.lineLength < 10.0){ temp1 = MaestroA.rounder(state.lineLength_part1 + state.lineLength_part2,7); } else if(state.lineLength >= 10.0 && state.lineLength < 100.0){ temp1 = MaestroA.rounder(state.lineLength_part1 + state.lineLength_part2,6); } else if(state.lineLength >= 100.0 && state.lineLength < 1000.0){ temp1 = MaestroA.rounder(state.lineLength_part1 + state.lineLength_part2,5); } else if(state.lineLength >= 1000.0 && state.lineLength < 10000.0){ temp1 = MaestroA.rounder(state.lineLength_part1 + state.lineLength_part2,4); } else if(state.lineLength >= 10000.0 && state.lineLength <= 100000.0){ temp1 = MaestroA.rounder(state.lineLength_part1 + state.lineLength_part2,3); } double testpos, rounded; rounded = MaestroA.rounder(state.xpos,8); testpos = Math.abs((temp1-rounded)); //System.out.println("rounded = "+rounded+" temp1 = "+temp1+" testpos = "+testpos); //if(testpos > 1.0e-10){ if(rounded < temp1){ if(Complex.Real(state.Zin)==0.0&&Complex.Imaginary(state.Zin)<=-2.0E140){ MaestroG.subscripter("Z(d)","","",g,state.font11,x[5]+state.s15,y[2]+state.s5); MaestroG.subscripterInfinityTwo("","","= ","", " (Open Circuit)",g,state.font11,x[5]+state.s40,y[2]+state.s5); } else{ MaestroG.subscripter("Z(d)","","",g,state.font11,x[5]+state.s15,y[2]+state.s5); MaestroG.subscripterSanSym2("","","= "+state.Zin.toString(Complex.CARTESIAN,3)+" ",Ohm,g,state.font11,x[5]+state.s40,y[2]+state.s5); } } else{ if(Complex.Real(state.Zin)==0.0&&Complex.Imaginary(state.Zin)<=-2.0E140){ MaestroG.subscripter(" Z","in","",g,state.font11,x[5]+state.s15,y[2]+state.s5); MaestroG.subscripterInfinityTwo("","","= ","", " (Open Circuit)",g,state.font11,x[5]+state.s40,y[2]+state.s5); } else{ MaestroG.subscripter(" Z","in","",g,state.font11,x[5]+state.s15,y[2]+state.s5); MaestroG.subscripterSanSym2("","","= "+state.Zin.toString(Complex.CARTESIAN,3)+" ",Ohm,g,state.font11,x[5]+state.s40,y[2]+state.s5); } } g.setFont(TheFonts.sanSerif11); if(state.frequency >=state.f_bottom && state.frequency <= state.f_top) { tempo = new String(" d = "+temp1+" "+lambda) + state.s20; //MaestroG.SansNosansSymb2("d = "+temp1,"",""+lambda,g,state.font11,x[2]-state.s3,getSize().height-state.s3); //MaestroG.superscripterSymFirstLast("[ ","l"," = "+temp1,""," "+lambda," ]",g,state.font11,x[2]-state.s3,getSize().height-state.s3); MaestroG.superscripterSymFirstLast("","l"," = "+temp1,""," "+lambda,"",g,state.font11,x[2]-state.s3,getSize().height-state.s3); g.setFont(TheFonts.sanSerif11); double testlength=state.lineLength_meters; //Changes for general lengths units int xmeter = state.s180; if(testlength < 1.0E-9 && testlength >0.0 ){ //g.drawString(" = "+ MaestroA.rounder(testlength*1.0E9,8) // +" nm",x[2]+fm.stringWidth(tempo),getSize().height-state.s3); MaestroG.superscripterSymFirst("[ ","l"," = "+MaestroA.rounder(testlength*1.0E9,8) +" nm ]","","",g,state.font11,xmeter,getSize().height-state.s3); } else if(testlength < 1.0E-6 && testlength >= 1.0E-9 ){ //g.drawString(" = "+ MaestroA.rounder(testlength*1.0E9,6) // +" nm",x[2]+fm.stringWidth(tempo),getSize().height-state.s3); MaestroG.superscripterSymFirst("[ ","l"," = "+ MaestroA.rounder(testlength*1.0E9,6) +" n ]","","",g,state.font11,xmeter,getSize().height-state.s3); } else if(testlength < 1.0E-3 && testlength >= 1.0E-6 ){ //g.drawString(" = "+ MaestroA.rounder(testlength*1.0E6,6) // +" \u00b5m",x[2]+fm.stringWidth(tempo),getSize().height-state.s3); MaestroG.superscripterSymFirst("[ ","l"," = "+ MaestroA.rounder(testlength*1.0E6,6) +" \u00b5m ]","","",g,state.font11,xmeter,getSize().height-state.s3); } else if(testlength < 1.0 && testlength >= 1.0E-3 ){ //g.drawString(" = "+ MaestroA.rounder(testlength*1000,6) // +" mm",x[2]+fm.stringWidth(tempo),getSize().height-state.s3); MaestroG.superscripterSymFirst("[ ","l"," = "+ MaestroA.rounder(testlength*1000,6) +" mm ]","","",g,state.font11,xmeter,getSize().height-state.s3); } else if((testlength < 1000.0 && testlength >= 1.0 ) || testlength == 0.0){ //g.drawString(" = "+ MaestroA.rounder(testlength,6) // +" m",x[2]+fm.stringWidth(tempo),getSize().height-state.s3); MaestroG.superscripterSymFirst("[ ","l"," = "+ MaestroA.rounder(testlength,6) +" m ]","","",g,state.font11,xmeter,getSize().height-state.s3); } else if(testlength < 1.0E6 && testlength >=1.0E3){ //g.drawString(" = "+ MaestroA.rounder(testlength/1000,6) // +" km",x[2]+fm.stringWidth(tempo),getSize().height-state.s3); MaestroG.superscripterSymFirst("[ ","l"," = "+ MaestroA.rounder(testlength/1000,6) +" km ]","","",g,state.font11,xmeter,getSize().height-state.s3); } else if(testlength < 1.0E9 && testlength >=1.0E6){ MaestroG.superscripterSymFirst("[ ","l"," = "+ MaestroA.rounder(testlength/1.0E6,6) +" x 10","3"," km ]",g,state.font11,xmeter,getSize().height-state.s3); } else if(testlength >=1.0E9){ MaestroG.superscripterSymFirst("[ ","l"," = "+ MaestroA.rounder(testlength/1.0E9,6) +" x 10","6"," km ]",g,state.font11,xmeter,getSize().height-state.s3); } } else if(state.frequency < state.f_bottom){ g.setColor(Color.yellow); MaestroG.superscripter("Increase Length or Frequency","","",g,state.font11,x[2]+state.s30,getSize().height-state.s3); } else if(state.frequency > state.f_top){ g.setColor(Color.yellow); MaestroG.superscripter("Decrease Length or Frequency","","",g,state.font11,x[2]+state.s30,getSize().height-state.s3); } g.setColor(Color.white); // Changes finish here //if(Complex.Real(state.ZL)==0.0&&Complex.Imaginary(state.ZL)<=-2.0E140){ // MaestroG.subscripter(" Z","L","",g,11,x[2]+15,y[4]-10); // MaestroG.subscripter("","","= "+infinity+" (Open Circuit)",g,11,x[2]+40,y[4]-10); //} //else if(Complex.Real(state.ZL)==0.0&&Complex.Imaginary(state.ZL)==0.0){ // MaestroG.subscripter(" Z","L","",g,11,x[2]+15,y[4]-10); // MaestroG.subscripter("","","= 0 (Short Circuit)",g,11,x[2]+40,y[4]-10); //} //else{ // MaestroG.subscripter(" Z","L","",g,11,x[2]+15,y[4]-10); // MaestroG.subscripter("","","= "+state.ZL.toString(Complex.CARTESIAN,3)+" "+Ohm,g,11,x[2]+40,y[4]-10); //} if(Complex.Real(state.YL)==0.0&&Complex.Imaginary(state.YL)==0.0){ MaestroG.subscripter(" Z","L","",g,state.font11,x[6]+state.s15,y[4]-state.s10); MaestroG.subscripterInfinityTwo("","","= ","", " (Open Circuit)",g,state.font11,x[6]+state.s40,y[4]-state.s10); } else if(Complex.Real(state.ZL)==0.0&&Complex.Imaginary(state.ZL)==0.0){ MaestroG.subscripter(" Z","L","",g,state.font11,x[6]+state.s15,y[4]-state.s10); MaestroG.subscripter("","","= 0 (Short Circuit)",g,state.font11,x[6]+state.s40,y[4]-state.s10); } else{ MaestroG.subscripter(" Z","L","",g,state.font11,x[6]+state.s15,y[4]-state.s10); MaestroG.subscripterSanSym2("","","= "+state.ZL.toString(Complex.CARTESIAN,3)+" ",Ohm,g,state.font11,x[6]+state.s40,y[4]-state.s10); } } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent evt){ } public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent evt){ IsFocusOn = true; repaint(); } public void mouseExited(MouseEvent evt){ IsFocusOn = false; repaint(); } public void mousePressed(MouseEvent evt){ } public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent evt){ } }//End of CircuitCanvs